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Ukrainian People's Republic
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The Ukrainian People's Republic or Ukrainian National Republic ((ウクライナ語:Українська Народна Республіка, ''Ukrayins'ka Narodna Respublika''); abbreviated УНР, UNR), or simply Ukraine is the predecessor of modern Ukraine that was declared (on 23 June 1917) at first as a part of the Russian Republic after the Russian Revolution but that proclaimed its independence on 25 January 1918.〔Serhy Yekelchyk, (Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation ), Oxford University Press (2007), ISBN 978-0-19-530546-3〕 During its short existence the republic went through several political transformations from the socialist-lenient republic headed by the Central council with its General secretariat to the national republic, led by Directorate and Symon Petlyura.〔 Between April and December 1918 the Ukrainian People's Republic was non-existent and overthrown by the Ukrainian State of Pavlo Skoropadsky.〔〔(Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: 1999 ), Routledge, 1999, ISBN 1857430581 (page 849)〕 From autumn 1919 it was an ally of the Second Polish Republic.〔 But by then the state de facto was non-existent.〔 The 18 March 1921 Treaty of Riga between the Second Polish Republic, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine sealed the fate of the Ukrainian People's Republic.〔
After the October Bolsheviks Revolution many governments were formed in Ukraine.〔 The two most important of them the Ukrainian People's Republic, residing in Kiev, and the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, residing in Kharkiv. These two sides were in permanent conflict between each other, which resulted in many casualties among Ukrainians fighting in opposition in civil war as part of the wider Ukrainian-Soviet War.〔 The Soviet Union would (after the Treaty of Riga) extend control over what would ultimately become the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and a member of the Soviet Union.〔
== History ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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